DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

The syntheses of RNA (transcription), DNA and proteins (translation) are fundamental processes necessary for all life. Transcription begins by uncoiling a section of DNA that will be used as the template and is initiated by RNA polymerase binding to a promoter sequence.

Products

Background

Literature (3)

DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Modulators
Cat. No.	Product Name / Activity
7054	T4
	Modulator of alternative polyadenylation; inhibits rod photoreceptor gene expression via Nr2e3
DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
Cat. No.	Product Name / Activity
4800	4EGI-1
	Inhibitor of eIF4E:eIF4G interaction
1229	Actinomycin D
	RNA polymerase inhibitor
2513	Acyclovir
	Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor
4025	α-Amanitin
	Inhibitor of RNA polymerase II
1290	Anisomycin
	Protein synthesis inhibitor
5736	Aphidicolin
	DNA polymerase α, δ and ε inhibitor
6392	B02
	RAD51 recombinase inhibitor
2981	BIBR 1532
	Selective telomerase inhibitor
5417	BMH 21
	RNA polymerase 1 inhibitor; also p53 pathway activator
5312	BRACO 19 trihydrochloride
	Telomerase inhibitor
6196	Brequinar sodium
	Potent and selective DHODH inhibitor
7457	CAM 833 New
	Selective orthosteric inhibitor of the BRCA2-RAD51 interaction
4799	Capecitabine
	Prodrug of 5-Fluorouracil (Cat. No. 3257). Inhibits DNA synthesis
2626	Carboplatin
	Inhibitor of DNA synthesis
4436	8-Chloroadenosine
	Cytotoxic nucleoside analog; inhibits RNA synthesis
2294	Cordycepin
	RNA synthesis inhibitor
2483	Costunolide
	Inhibitor of human telomerase activity
7485	Covidcil-19 New
	Binds to SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting element and reduces frameshifting efficiency
0970	Cycloheximide
	Inhibitor of protein synthesis
4520	Cytarabine
	Nucleoside analog; inhibits DNA replication
3917	Daptomycin
	Antibiotic; inhibits protein, DNA and RNA synthesis in gram-positive bacteria
1467	Daunorubicin hydrochloride
	RNA synthesis inhibitor
3857	Dexrazoxane hydrochloride
	Topoisomerase II inhibitor
7342	Emetine dihydrochloride
	RNA polymerase inhibitor; inhibits replication of a broad range of RNA and DNA viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and Zika
3260	Epirubicin hydrochloride
	Inhibits DNA synthesis and function. Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II
4659	Floxuridine
	Disrupts DNA replication; inhibits thymidylate synthetase
3495	Fludarabine
	Purine analog; inhibits DNA synthesis
3257	5-Fluorouracil
	Inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis
4131	G418 disulfate salt
	Aminoglycoside antibiotic; used in cell culture
3259	Gemcitabine hydrochloride
	DNA synthesis inhibitor
1993	Halofuginone hydrobromide
	High affinity competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor
1416	Homoharringtonine
	Inhibitor of protein synthesis; antileukemic agent
5740	6-Hydroxy-DL-DOPA
	Allosteric inhibitor of RAD52; also APE1 inhibitor
6483	Isoginkgetin
	Pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor; cell permeable
7338	K 22
	Inhibits coronavirus RNA replication; impairs double membrane vesicle (DMV) formation
6068	Lin28 1632
	RNA binding protein Lin28 inhibitor; promotes mESC differentiation; also bromodomain inhibitor
3765	Linezolid
	Antibiotic; inhibits protein synthesis in gram-positive bacteria
6510	LNT 1
	Potent flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) inhibitor; induces DNA damage response
6819	Mefloquine hydrochloride
	Binds 80S ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis in P falciparum; also gap junction blocker
4103	6-Mercaptopurine
	Purine analog; inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
1489	Mithramycin A
	Inhibitor of DNA and RNA polymerase
3258	Mitomycin C
	Inhibitor of DNA synthesis
6189	Myricetin
	Prevents translation of mutant huntingtin protein; binds the CAG motif of mutant RNA from the HTT gene
6359	Nelarabine
	Purine nuceloside analog; inhibits DNA synthesis
5340	NSC 617145
	Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) inhibitor
2623	Oxaliplatin
	Inhibitor of DNA synthesis
6222	PFM 01
	MRE11 endonuclease inhibitor
6070	Pladienolide B
	mRNA splicing inhibitor; antitumor
7321	Pritelivir
	Potent and selective herpes simplex virus (HSV) helicase primase inhibitor
4089	Puromycin dihydrochloride
	Protein synthesis inhibitor
4501	Ribavirin
	Antiviral guanosine analog; blocks eIF4E activity
4121	Rifampicin
	Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase
4723	T2AA
	PCNA inhibitor
6884	TC SL C5
	Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) RNA inhibitor
5069	Teriflunomide
	Inhibitor of DHODH; active metabolite of Leflunomide
4309	TPEN
	RNA binding protein Lin28 inhibitor; cell-permeable Zn²⁺ chelator
3253	Triptolide
	Inhibits RNAPII-mediated transcription; antitumor, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive
3863	Trovafloxacin mesylate
	Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
3787	Viomycin
	Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
4067	YK 4-279
	Inhibitor of RNA helicase A (RHA)
Other
Cat. No.	Product Name / Activity
6602	1M7
	Reagent for RNA SHAPE-MaP chemistry
7376	2A3 New
	Reagent for RNA SHAPE-MaP experiments in vivo; cell permeable
5962	3-AP
	Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor; also an iron chelator
4099	Azathioprine
	Purine analog; prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine (Cat. No. 4103)
3771	Azithromycin
	Antibiotic; inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit formation and elongation at transpeptidation
3681	Bendamustine hydrochloride
	Cytostatic agent; exhibits DNA alkylating and purine analog properties
5015	5-BrdU
	Synthetic thymidine analog; used for cell proliferation assays
4091	Cyclophosphamide
	Alkylating agent; chemotherapeutic
3357	Ellipticine
	Antitumor and intercalating agent; inhibits DNA topoisomerase II
7206	5-Ethynyluridine New
	Uridine analog, used for labeling RNA synthesis
5075	Harmine
	Binds to the yjdF aptamer; activates riboswitch function; also DYRK1A inhibitor
6782	Indisulam
	Pre-mRNA splicing modulator; hCA XII inhibitor
5284	trans-ISRIB
	Integrated stress response (ISR) inhibitor
5185	JTE 607 dihydrochloride
	Active metabolite binds CPSF3; Pro-drug
7586	Molnupiravir New
	Prodrug of antiviral nucleoside analog; inhibits SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV infection
7004	NAI
	Reagent for RNA SHAPE-MaP experiments in vivo; cell permeable
6862	Psoralen-triethylene glycol azide
	RNA conformation probe; reagent for COMRADES RNA platform
4990	Stavudine
	Nucleoside analog; antiviral
6586	Targapremir 210
	Inhibits formation of miR-210
4562	Topotecan hydrochloride
	Binds to U4 RNA and inhibits RNA splicing; also DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor
4460	Trifluorothymidine
	Thymidylate synthase inhibitor; induces DNA fragmentation

Related Targets

RNA, DNA and protein synthesis are fundamental processes necessary for all life.

RNA synthesis (transcription) begins by uncoiling a section of DNA that will be used as the template. RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence and initiates separation of the DNA double helix. Complementary ribonucleotides align and RNA polymerase catalyzes their polymerization. The newly synthesized RNA strand undergoes post-transcriptional processing before it leaves the nucleus.

Protein synthesis (translation) is the process of synthesizing a polypeptide chain from a mRNA template. Initiation factors trigger the small ribosomal subunit to bind to mRNA, allowing a tRNA molecule (which contains an amino acid) with an anticodon complementary to the mRNA initiation codon to bind. The large ribosomal subunit now binds and translation occurs. tRNA molecules sequentially bind to the complementary mRNA sequences and ribosomal enzymes catalyze the formation of peptide (amide) bonds.

DNA synthesis is a semiconservative process; each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new one. Helicase enzymes 'unwind' the DNA double helix, allowing DNA polymerase access to the polynucleotide chain. DNA polymerase cannot initiate de novo DNA synthesis - an RNA primer is required - and synthesis occurs in a 5' to 3' direction. DNA polymerases have 'proofreading' ability, which is essential to prevent mutations in the genome.

Literature for DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

Tocris offers the following scientific literature for DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!

*Please note that Tocris will only send literature to established scientific business / institute addresses.