DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
The syntheses of RNA (transcription), DNA and proteins (translation) are fundamental processes necessary for all life. Transcription begins by uncoiling a section of DNA that will be used as the template and is initiated by RNA polymerase binding to a promoter sequence.
Inhibitors |
Cat. No. | Product Name / Activity |
|---|---|
| 4215 | 4E1RCat |
| Protein translation inhibitor; blocks eIF4F subunit interaction | |
| 4800 | 4EGI-1 |
| Inhibitor of eIF4E:eIF4G interaction | |
| 1229 | Actinomycin D |
| RNA polymerase inhibitor | |
| 2513 | Acyclovir |
| Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor | |
| 5211 | AM-TS23 |
| DNA polymerase λ and β inhibitor | |
| 4025 | α-Amanitin |
| Inhibitor of RNA polymerase II | |
| 1290 | Anisomycin |
| Protein synthesis inhibitor | |
| 5736 | Aphidicolin |
| DNA polymerase α, δ and ε inhibitor | |
| 6392 | B02 |
| RAD51 recombinase inhibitor | |
| 2981 | BIBR 1532 |
| Selective telomerase inhibitor | |
| 5417 | BMH 21 |
| RNA polymerase 1 inhibitor; also p53 pathway activator | |
| 5312 | BRACO 19 trihydrochloride |
| Telomerase inhibitor | |
| 6196 | Brequinar sodium |
| Potent and selective DHODH inhibitor | |
| 4799 | Capecitabine |
| Prodrug of 5-Fluorouracil (Cat. No. 3257). Inhibits DNA synthesis | |
| 2626 | Carboplatin |
| Inhibitor of DNA synthesis | |
| 4436 | 8-Chloroadenosine |
| Cytotoxic nucleoside analog; inhibits RNA synthesis | |
| 2294 | Cordycepin |
| RNA synthesis inhibitor | |
| 2483 | Costunolide |
| Inhibitor of human telomerase activity | |
| 0970 | Cycloheximide |
| Inhibitor of protein synthesis | |
| 4520 | Cytarabine |
| Nucleoside analog; inhibits DNA replication | |
| 3917 | Daptomycin |
| Antibiotic; inhibits protein, DNA and RNA synthesis in gram-positive bacteria | |
| 1467 | Daunorubicin hydrochloride |
| RNA synthesis inhibitor | |
| 3857 | Dexrazoxane hydrochloride |
| Topoisomerase II inhibitor | |
| 3260 | Epirubicin hydrochloride |
| Inhibits DNA synthesis and function. Inhibits DNA topoisomerase II | |
| 4659 | Floxuridine |
| Disrupts DNA replication; inhibits thymidylate synthetase | |
| 3495 | Fludarabine |
| Purine analog; inhibits DNA synthesis | |
| 3257 | 5-Fluorouracil |
| Inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis | |
| 4131 | G418 disulfate salt |
| Aminoglycoside antibiotic; used in cell culture | |
| 3849 | Gatifloxacin |
| Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial type II topoisomerase | |
| 3259 | Gemcitabine hydrochloride |
| DNA synthesis inhibitor | |
| 1993 | Halofuginone hydrobromide |
| High affinity competitive prolyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor | |
| 1416 | Homoharringtonine |
| Inhibitor of protein synthesis. Antileukemic agent | |
| 5740 | 6-Hydroxy-DL-DOPA |
| Allosteric inhibitor of RAD52; also APE1 inhibitor | |
| 6483 | Isoginkgetin |
| Pre-mRNA splicing inhibitor; cell permeable | |
| 2228 | Leflunomide |
| DHODH inhibitor | |
| 6068 | Lin28 1632 |
| RNA binding protein Lin28 inhibitor; promotes mESC differentiation; also bromodomain inhibitor | |
| 3765 | Linezolid |
| Antibiotic; inhibits protein synthesis in gram-positive bacteria | |
| 6510 | LNT 1 New |
| Potent flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) inhibitor; induces DNA damage response | |
| 6819 | Mefloquine hydrochloride New |
| Binds 80S ribosome and inhibits protein synthesis in P falciparum; also gap junction blocker | |
| 4103 | 6-Mercaptopurine |
| Purine analog; inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis | |
| 1489 | Mithramycin A |
| Inhibitor of DNA and RNA polymerase | |
| 3258 | Mitomycin C |
| Inhibitor of DNA synthesis | |
| 6359 | Nelarabine |
| Purine nuceloside analog; inhibits DNA synthesis | |
| 5340 | NSC 617145 |
| Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) inhibitor | |
| 2623 | Oxaliplatin |
| Inhibitor of DNA synthesis | |
| 5419 | PCNA I1 |
| PCNA inhibitor | |
| 6222 | PFM 01 |
| MRE11 endonuclease inhibitor | |
| 6070 | Pladienolide B |
| mRNA splicing inhibitor; antitumor | |
| 4089 | Puromycin dihydrochloride |
| Protein synthesis inhibitor | |
| 6168 | RI 1 |
| RAD51 recombinase inhibitor | |
| 4501 | Ribavirin |
| Antiviral guanosine analog; blocks eIF4E activity | |
| 4121 | Rifampicin |
| Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase | |
| 4723 | T2AA |
| PCNA inhibitor | |
| 6884 | TC SL C5 New |
| Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) RNA inhibitor | |
| 5069 | Teriflunomide |
| Inhibitor of DHODH; active metabolite of Leflunomide | |
| 3267 | Thiostrepton |
| Antibiotic, inhibits protein synthesis | |
| 4309 | TPEN |
| RNA binding protein Lin28 inhibitor; cell-permeable Zn2+ chelator | |
| 3253 | Triptolide |
| Inhibits RNAPII-mediated transcription; antitumor, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive | |
| 3863 | Trovafloxacin mesylate |
| Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis | |
| 3787 | Viomycin |
| Antibiotic; inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis | |
| 4067 | YK 4-279 |
| Inhibitor of RNA helicase A (RHA) | |
Other |
Cat. No. | Product Name / Activity |
| 6602 | 1M7 |
| Reagent for RNA SHAPE-MaP chemistry | |
| 5962 | 3-AP |
| Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor; also an iron chelator | |
| 4099 | Azathioprine |
| Purine analog; prodrug of 6-mercaptopurine (Cat. No. 4103) | |
| 3771 | Azithromycin |
| Antibiotic; inhibits 50S ribosomal subunit formation and elongation at transpeptidation | |
| 3681 | Bendamustine hydrochloride |
| Cytostatic agent; exhibits DNA alkylating and purine analog properties | |
| 5015 | 5-BrdU |
| Synthetic thymidine analog; used for cell proliferation assays | |
| 4091 | Cyclophosphamide |
| Alkylating agent; chemotherapeutic | |
| 3357 | Ellipticine |
| Antitumor and intercalating agent; inhibits DNA topoisomerase II | |
| 6782 | Indisulam New |
| Pre-mRNA splicing modulator; hCA XII inhibitor | |
| 5284 | trans-ISRIB |
| Integrated stress response (ISR) inhibitor | |
| 5761 | RG 102240 |
| Gene switch ligand for use in induceable gene expression systems | |
| 5810 | RS 1 |
| High affinity RAD51 activator; also CRISPR enhancer | |
| 4990 | Stavudine |
| Nucleoside analog; antiviral | |
| 4460 | Trifluorothymidine |
| Thymidylate synthase inhibitor; induces DNA fragmentation | |
RNA, DNA and protein synthesis are fundamental processes necessary for all life.
RNA synthesis (transcription) begins by uncoiling a section of DNA that will be used as the template. RNA polymerase binds to a promoter sequence and initiates separation of the DNA double helix. Complementary ribonucleotides align and RNA polymerase catalyzes their polymerization. The newly synthesized RNA strand undergoes post-transcriptional processing before it leaves the nucleus.
Protein synthesis (translation) is the process of synthesizing a polypeptide chain from a mRNA template. Initiation factors trigger the small ribosomal subunit to bind to mRNA, allowing a tRNA molecule (which contains an amino acid) with an anticodon complementary to the mRNA initiation codon to bind. The large ribosomal subunit now binds and translation occurs. tRNA molecules sequentially bind to the complementary mRNA sequences and ribosomal enzymes catalyze the formation of peptide (amide) bonds.
DNA synthesis is a semiconservative process; each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new one. Helicase enzymes 'unwind' the DNA double helix, allowing DNA polymerase access to the polynucleotide chain. DNA polymerase cannot initiate de novo DNA synthesis - an RNA primer is required - and synthesis occurs in a 5' to 3' direction. DNA polymerases have 'proofreading' ability, which is essential to prevent mutations in the genome.
Literature for DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
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