Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors
Nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels that modulate cell membrane potentials. Each receptor is composed of pentameric combinations of subunits (α1-10, β1-4, δ, ε and γ). Nicotinic receptors are generally divided into three functional classes: muscle subunits (α1, β1, δ, ε, γ), standard neuronal subunits (α1-6 and β2-4) that form in pairwise αβ combinations, and subunits (α7-9) that can form homomeric nAChRs. Neuronal nicotinic receptors are found in the central nervous system and in autonomic ganglia where they regulate processes such as transmitter release, cell excitability and neuronal integration. Nicotinic receptors located at the neuromuscular junctions of somatic muscles are responsible for muscular contraction.
Literature for Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors
Tocris offers the following scientific literature for Acetylcholine Nicotinic Receptors to showcase our products. We invite you to request* your copy today!
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Ion Channel Product Listing
A collection of around 500 products for ion channel research, the listing includes research tools for the study of:
- Ligand-gated ion channels
- Voltage-gated ion channels
- Other Ion Channels
Pain Research Product Guide
A collection of over 280 products for pain research, the guide includes research tools for the study of:
- Nociception
- Ion Channels
- G-Protein-Coupled Receptors
- Intracellular Signaling
Nicotinic ACh Receptors Scientific Review
Updated in 2014, this review by Sue Wonnacott summarizes the diverse structure and function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and gives an in-depth review of the ligands available for nAChR research. Compounds available from Tocris are listed.
Alzheimer's Disease PosterNew
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Learning & Memory Poster
Recognition memory enables us to make judgements about whether or not we have encountered a particular stimulus before. This poster outlines the cellular mechanisms underlying recognition memory and its links to long-term depression, as well as the use of pharmacological intervention to assess the role of neurotransmitters in recognition memory.
Pain Poster
Peripheral sensitization is the reduction in the threshold of excitability of sensory neurons that results in an augmented response to a given external stimulus. This poster outlines the excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways involved in modulation of peripheral sensitization. The role of ion channels, GPCRs, neurotrophins, and cytokines in sensory neurons are also described.
Parkinson's Disease Poster
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Schizophrenia Poster
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Nicotinic Receptor (nAChRs) Pharmacological Data
| Gene | Species | Gene Symbol | Gene Accession No. | Protein Accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| α1 (muscle) | Human | CHRNA1 | NM_000079 | P02708 |
| Mouse | Chrna1 | NM_007389 | P04756 | |
| Rat | Chrna1 | NM_024485 | P25108 | |
| α2 (neuronal) | Human | CHRNA2 | NM_000742 | Q15822 |
| Mouse | Chrna2 | NM_144803 | Q91X60 | |
| Rat | Chrna2 | NM_133420 | P12389 | |
| α3 | Human | CHRNA3 | NM_000743 | P32297 |
| Mouse | Chrna3 | NM_145129 | Q8R4G9 | |
| Rat | Chrna3 | NM_052805 | P04757 | |
| α4 | Human | CHRNA4 | NM_000744 | P43681 |
| Mouse | Chrna4 | NM_015730 | O70174 | |
| Rat | Chrna4 | NM_024354 | P09483 | |
| α5 | Human | CHRNA5 | NM_000745 | P30532 |
| Mouse | Chrna5 | NM_176844 | Q2MKA5 | |
| Rat | Chrna5 | NM_017078 | P20420 | |
| α6 | Human | CHRNA6 | NM_004198 | Q15825 |
| Mouse | Chrna6 | NM_021369 | Q9R0W9 | |
| Rat | Chrna6 | NM_057184 | P43143 | |
| α7 | Human | CHRNA7 | NM_000746 | P36544 |
| Mouse | Chrna7 | NM_007390 | P49582 | |
| Rat | Chrna7 | NM_012832 | Q05941 | |
| α9 | Human | CHRNA9 | NM_017581 | Q9UGM1 |
| Mouse | Chrna9 | NM_001081104 | NP_001074573 | |
| Rat | Chrna9 | NM_022930 | P43144 | |
| α10 | Human | CHRNA10 | NM_020402 | Q9GZZ6 |
| Mouse | Chrna10 | NM_001081424 | NP_001074893 | |
| Rat | Chrna10 | NM_022639 | Q9JLB5 | |
| β1 | Human | CHRNB1 | NM_000747 | P11230 |
| Mouse | Chrnb1 | NM_009601 | P09690 | |
| Rat | Chrnb1 | NM_012528 | P25109 | |
| β2 | Human | CHRNB2 | NM_000748 | P17787 |
| Mouse | Chrnb2 | NM_009602 | Q9ERK7 | |
| Rat | Chrnb2 | NM_019297 | P12390 | |
| β3 | Human | CHRNB3 | NM_000749 | Q05901 |
| Mouse | Chrnb3 | NM_173212 | Q8BMN3 | |
| Rat | Chrnb3 | NM_133597 | P12391 | |
| β4 | Human | CHRNB4 | NM_000750 | P30926 |
| Mouse | Chrnb4 | NM_148944 | Q8R493 | |
| Rat | Chrnb4 | NM_052806 | P12392 | |
| δ | Human | CHRND | NM_000751 | Q07001 |
| Mouse | Chrnd | NM_021600 | P02716 | |
| Rat | Chrnd | NM_019298 | P25110 | |
| ε | Human | CHRNE | NM_000080 | Q04844 |
| Mouse | Chrne | NM_009603 | P20782 | |
| Rat | Chrne | NM_017194 | P09660 | |
| γ | Human | CHRNG | NM_005199 | P07510 |
| Mouse | Chrng | NM_009604 | P04760 | |
| Rat | Chrng | NM_019145 | P18916 |
Nicotinic Pharmacological Receptor Data
| nACh Receptor Subtype | α2β4 | α7 | α3β4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Localisation | CNS - Cortex, thalamus, hippocampus,striatum | Autonomic ganglia, hippocampus, limbic system, cortex, chick retina | Autonomic ganglia, adrenal gland, hippocampus | |
| Tissue Function | Synaptic transmission, anti-nociception, anxiolytic, memory | Synaptic transmission, auditory gating, memory | Synaptic transmission | |
| Key Compounds | Ki (nM) | |||
| Agonists |
(±-)Anatoxin A (0789) (-)-Cytisine (1390) (±)-Epibatidine (0684) (-)-Lobeline (1077) RJR 2403 (1053) UB 165 (1348) |
1.3-4.2 0.14-2.7 0.01-0.05 4-50 26 0.27-0.44 |
707-1840 1400-3883 20.6-233 11000-13100 36000 2790 |
ND 56-195 0.38 480 ND ND |
| Antagonists |
Chlorisinamide (1001) Dihydro-β-erythroidine (2349) Methylcaconitine (1029) TMPH (2438) |
686000 370* 3700-6100 1400* |
ND ND 0.69-10.3 1000* |
ND 23100* ND 200* |
*IC50 values
Highlights around 500 products for ion channel research.
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Our Pain guide highlights over 280 products for Pain research.
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Our Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor review summarizes the structure and function of nAChR receptors, and the pharmacological ligands used to study them.
Request copyRequest PDFWritten by Dimitra Sokolova and Soyon Hong
Our Alzheimer's disease poster summarizes the genetic, molecular and cellular changes observed in the progression of this neurodegenerative disease.
Request copyDownload PDFWritten by Clea Warburton and Zafar Bashir
Our Learning and Memory poster gives an overview of the cellular mechanisms underlying recognition memory and its links to long-term depression.
Request copyDownload PDFWritten by Grant D. Nicol and Michael R. Vasko
Our Peripheral Sensitization poster gives a summary of the excitatory and inhibitory signaling pathways involved in modulation of peripheral sensitization.
Request copyDownload PDFWritten by Anthony H.V. Schapira
Our Parkinson's disease (PD) poster summarizes the neurobiology of the disease, and highlights current therapeutic treatments for symptomatic PD.
Request copyDownload PDFWritten by Justin M. Saunders and Javier González-Maeso
Our Schizophrenia poster highlights the targets and pathways representing the most promising strategies to pursue for novel drug development.
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