Caspases
Caspases (cysteinyl aspartate proteases) are involved in the signaling pathways of apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation. These enzymes can be divided into initiators and effectors. The initiator isoforms are activated by, and interact with, upstream adaptor molecules.
Caspase Inhibitors |
|
|---|---|
| Cat. No. | Product Name / Activity |
| 7242 | Ac-FLTD-CMK |
| Potent and selective inhibitor of caspases 1, 5 and 4 | |
| 2166 | Z-DEVD-FMK |
| Cell-permeable, irreversible caspase-3 inhibitor | |
| 7310 | Emricasan |
| Potent pan-caspase inhibitor | |
| 6172 | INF 4E |
| Caspase-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor | |
| 2163 | Z-VAD-FMK |
| Cell-permeable, irreversible caspase inhibitor | |
| 7143 | VX 765 |
| High affinity and selective caspase-4 and caspase 1/ICE inhibitor; orally bioavailable | |
Caspase Activators |
|
| Cat. No. | Product Name / Activity |
| 2251 | Cisplatin |
| Potent pro-apoptotic anticancer agent; activates caspase-3 | |
| 2581 | PAC 1 |
| Activator of procaspase-3; pro-apoptotic | |
Other |
|
| Cat. No. | Product Name / Activity |
| 2098 | Apoptosis Activator 2 |
| Promotes apoptosome formation and activates caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway. Selectively induces tumor cell apoptosis | |
Caspases (cysteinyl aspartate proteases) are involved in the signal transduction pathways of apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation. These enzymes can be divided into two major classes - initiators and effectors. The initiator isoforms (caspases-1,-4,-5,-8,-9,-10,-11,-12) are activated by, and interact with, upstream adaptor molecules through protein-protein interaction domains known as CARD and DED.
Effector caspases (-3,-6,-7) are responsible for cleaving downstream substrates and are sometimes referred to as the executioner caspases. More than 700 caspase substrates have so far been identified (see The Caspase Substrate Database).
Initiator caspases, such as caspase 8, may be directly activated by death receptors such as FasR. Caspases can also be found intracellularly as part of large multiprotein complexes. For example, caspase 9 is recruited to the apoptosome formed during apoptosis, whilst caspases-1 and 5 can form part of the inflammasome, a key part of cytokine processing during inflammation.
Caspases are regulated by inhibitors of apoptosis and by dominant negative isoforms. They have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many disorders including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, myocardial infarction, cancer, and inflammatory disease.
External sources of pharmacological information for Caspases :
Literature for Caspases
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Programmed Cell Death Poster
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Caspase Gene Data
| Gene | Species | Gene Symbol | Gene Accession No. | Protein Accession No. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokine Processing Caspases | ||||
| Caspase 1 | Human | CASP1 | NM_033292 | P29466 |
| Mouse | Casp1 | NM_009807 | P29452 | |
| Rat | Casp1 | NM_012762 | Q91W32 | |
| Caspase 4 | Human | CASP4 | NM_001225 | P49662 |
| Mouse | Casp4 | NM_007609 | P70343 | |
| Rat | Casp4 | NM_053736 | Q3MHS1 | |
| Caspase 5 | Human | CASP5 | NM_004347 | P51878 |
| Caspase 11 | Human | SFRS2IP | NM_004719 | Q99590 |
| Mouse | Sfrs2ip | NM_028148 | NP_082424 | |
| Rat | Sfrs2ip | XM_231361 | XP_231361 | |
| Caspase 12 | Human | CASP12 | NR_000035 | Q6UXS9 |
| Mouse | Casp12 | NM_009808 | O08736 | |
| Rat | Casp12 | NM_130422 | Q920D5 | |
| Caspase 14 | Human | CASP14 | NM_012114 | P31944 |
| Mouse | Casp14 | NM_009809 | O89094 | |
| Rat | Casp14 | XM_234878 | XP_234878 | |
| Apoptosis-Related Caspases | ||||
| Caspase 2 | Human | CASP2 | NM_032982 | P42575 |
| Mouse | Casp2 | NM_007610 | P29594 | |
| Rat | Casp2 | NM_022522 | P55215 | |
| Caspase 3 | Human | CASP3 | NM_004346 | P42574 |
| Mouse | Casp3 | NM_009810 | P70677 | |
| Rat | Casp3 | NM_012922 | P55213 | |
| Caspase 6 | Human | CASP6 | NM_001226 | P55212 |
| Mouse | Casp6 | NM_009811 | O08738 | |
| Rat | Casp6 | NM_031775 | Q6AZ23 | |
| Caspase 7 | Human | CASP7 | NM_033338 | P55210 |
| Mouse | Casp7 | NM_007611 | P97864 | |
| Rat | Casp7 | NM_022260 | O88550 | |
| Caspase 8 | Human | CASP8 | NM_001228 | Q96T22 |
| Mouse | Casp8 | NM_009812 | O89110 | |
| Rat | Casp8 | NM_022277 | Q9JHX4 | |
| Caspase 9 | Human | CASP9 | NM_032996 | P55211 |
| Mouse | Casp9 | NM_015733 | NP_056548 | |
| Rat | Casp9 | NM_031632 | Q9JHK1 | |
| Caspase 10 | Human | CASP10 | NM_032977 | Q92851 |
Our Cancer Research Guide highlights over 750 products for cancer research.
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Our Cell Cycle and DNA Damage Research Guide highlights over 750 products for cell cycle and DNA damage research.
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Our Neurodegeneration guide highlights over 275 products for neurodegeneration research.
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Our Cell Cycle & DNA Damage Repair poster summarizes the stages of the cell cycle and DNA repair. It also highlights strategies for enhancing replicative stress in cancer cells to force mitotic catastrophe and cell death.
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Our Huntington's Disease (HD) poster summarizes the pathophysiology and molecular changes that occur in HD.
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Our Parkinson's disease (PD) poster summarizes the neurobiology of the disease, and highlights current therapeutic treatments for symptomatic PD.
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Our Programmed Cell Death poster gives a summary of the signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, necroptosis and cell survival.
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