Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway
TLR4 TLR5 TLR2/6 TLR1/2 Apoptosis PI3K JNK ERK p38
MAPK IKK IκB AP-1 AP-1 NF-κB NF-κB Rac1 MEK1/2 Caspase-8 Akt Immune Response Inflammation Cytokines
MAPK IKK IκB AP-1 AP-1 NF-κB NF-κB Rac1 MEK1/2 Caspase-8 Akt Immune Response Inflammation Cytokines
The toll-like receptors (TLRs) act in response to molecular patterns found in microbes such as bacteria and viruses that pose a biological threat. The signaling pathway leads to the activation of innate and acquired immunity along with an inflammatory response and the upregulation of cytokines.
Questions? Comments? Leave feedback.
Signaling Pathway Key
Stimulates
Multistep Upregulation
Multistep Activation
Translocates
Kinase
Transcription Factor
Enzyme-linked Receptor
Other Enzyme
Other Protein
Endosome
