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Description: Blue-fluorescent DNA stain / dye. Used for: nuclear counterstain, fixed and live-cell staining, assessing apoptosis. Application: flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, immunofluorescence (IHC, ICC), ISH
Alternative Names: DAPI Dye
Chemical Name: 2-[4-(Aminoiminomethyl)phenyl]-1H-Indole-6-carboximidamide hydrochloride
Purity: ≥95% (HPLC)
Biological Activity for DAPI
Key information: DAPI is a widely used blue-fluorescent DNA stain / dye. Membrane impermeant to live cells. For nuclear counterstain, fixed and live-cell staining (at high concentration).
Used for: nuclear counterstain, fixed and live-cell staining (at high concentration), DNA visualization, chromosome staining, DNA staining in agarose gels, apoptosis analysis, mouse embryos or fetal organs visualization.
Application: flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, immunofluorescence (IHC, ICC), and ISH.
Properties and Photophysical Data: DAPI stain binds to AT-rich regions of DNA and fluorescence increases by approximately 20-fold when bound to double-stranded DNA. It is reported to be more photostable than Hoechst 33342 (Cat. No. 5117). Suitable for multicolor fluorescence microscopy experiments. Excitation and emission maxima (λ) are 350 nm and 470 nm, respectively.
Scientific Data
Confocal Microscopy
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DAPI staining. HeLa cells were fixed for 10 min with 4% paraformaldehyde and permeabilized. DAPI was added at 0.1 μg/mL and stained cells were imaged with an LSM880 confocal microscope (Obj. 63X/1.4 oil). Scale bar = 10 μm.
Confocal Microscopy
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DAPI counterstaining alongside MitoBrilliant™ Live 646. HeLa cells incubated with MitoBrilliant™ Live 646 (Catalog # 7417), 100 nM for 40 min. Cells were counterstained with DAPI. Image taken using an LSM880 Confocal using a 63X objective. Scale bar = 10 μm.
Fluorescence Imaging
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RNAScope™ Assay with DAPI Counterstain. 3-plex RNAScope™ Multiplex Fluorescent v2 Assay on HeLa cells with TSA Vivid™ dyes 520, 570 and 650 (Catalog # 7523, 7526 and 7527, Tocris). Nuclei are counter-stained with DAPI stain (blue). All dyes were used at 1:1500 dilution. Markers shown are Polr2a (green), PPIB (red) and UBC (white).
Optical Data for DAPI
| Emission Color | Blue |
|---|---|
| λabs | 350 nm |
| λem | 470 nm |
| Closest Laser line | 405 nm |
| Application | Flow Cytometry, ISH, Confocal Microscopy, Immunofluorescence (IHC, ICC) |
Plan Your Experiments
Use our spectra viewer to interactively plan your experiments, assessing multiplexing options. View the excitation and emission spectra for our fluorescent dye range and other commonly used dyes.
Spectral Viewer
Technical Data for DAPI
| M. Wt | 350.25 |
| Formula | C16H15N5.2HCl |
| Storage | Store at -20°C |
| Purity | ≥95% (HPLC) |
| CAS Number | 28718-90-3 |
| PubChem ID | 160166 |
| InChI Key | FPNZBYLXNYPRLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| Smiles | N=C(N)C(C=C1)=CC=C1C2=CC3=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C3N2.Cl.Cl |
The technical data provided above is for guidance only. For batch specific data refer to the Certificate of Analysis.
Tocris products are intended for laboratory research use only, unless stated otherwise.
Solubility Data for DAPI
| Solvent | Max Conc. mg/mL | Max Conc. mM | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Solubility | |||
| DMSO | 35.02 | 100 | |
| water | 3.5 | 10 with gentle warming |
Preparing Stock Solutions for DAPI
The following data is based on the product molecular weight 350.25. Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.
| Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 mM | 2.86 mL | 14.28 mL | 28.55 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.57 mL | 2.86 mL | 5.71 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.29 mL | 1.43 mL | 2.86 mL |
| 50 mM | 0.06 mL | 0.29 mL | 0.57 mL |
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Product Datasheets for DAPI
References for DAPI
References are publications that support the biological activity of the product.
Russell et al (1975) A simple cytochemical technique for demonstration of DNA in cells infected with mycoplasmas and viruses. Nature 253 461 PMID: 46112
Mildner et al (1978) Interaction of 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole to nucleic acids, and its implication to their template activity in RNA-polymerase reaction of E. coli bacteria and of Friend-virus infected mouse spleen. Cancer Lett. 4 89 PMID: 348301
Chazotte (2011) Labeling nuclear DNA using DAPI. Cold Spring Harb.Protoc. 1 prot5556 PMID: 21205856
Kapuscinski (1995) DAPI: a DNA-specific fluorescent probe. Biotech.Histochem. 70 220 PMID: 858020
Sandell et al (2018) DAPI staining of whole-mount mouse embryos or fetal organs. Cold Spring Harb.Protoc. 10 prot094029 PMID: 30275072
If you know of a relevant reference for DAPI, please let us know.
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Keywords: DAPI, DAPI supplier, fluorescent, DNA, stains, cell, permeable, dapi, dyes, apoptosis, staining, nuclear, counterstain, flow, cytometry, DAPI, Dye, Fluorescent, Stains, Flow, Cytometry, Counterstains, 5748, Tocris Bioscience
14 Citations for DAPI
Citations are publications that use Tocris products. Selected citations for DAPI include:
Thanaphum et al (2023) Intermittent compressive force regulates dentin matrix protein 1 expression in human periodontal ligament stem cells. J Dent Sci 18 105-111 PMID: 36643268
Yelyzaveta et al (2023) BdLT-Seq as a barcode decay-based method to unravel lineage-linked transcriptome plasticity. Nat Commun 14 1085 PMID: 36841849
Yu et al (2023) Gut Microbiota-Derived Glutamine Attenuates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 15 1255-1275 PMID: 36706918
Paul L et al (2023) Regulation of Cx43 Gap Junction Intercellular Communication by Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and Interleukin-2-Inducible T-Cell Kinase. Biomolecules 13 PMID: 37189407
Satu et al (2022) Interplay of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in organ-specific vessel maintenance. J Exp Med 219 PMID: 35050301
Titikorn et al (2022) Modulation of mitochondrial dynamics rescues cognitive function in rats with 'doxorubicin-induced chemobrain' via mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation. FEBS J 289 6435-6455 PMID: 35514149
Marit H et al (2022) A mesenchymal to epithelial switch in Fgf10 expression specifies an evolutionary-conserved population of ionocytes in salivary glands. Cell Rep 39 110663 PMID: 35417692
Nipon et al (2022) Erythropoietin administration exerted neuroprotective effects against cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 3 100124 PMID: 36568264
Elizabeth et al (2021) A protocol for rapid pericyte differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells. STAR Protoc 2 100261 PMID: 33490977
Daniel F et al (2021) Granzyme A Produced by γ9δ2 T Cells Activates ER Stress Responses and ATP Production, and Protects Against Intracellular Mycobacterial Replication Independent of Enzymatic Activity. Front Immunol 12 712678 PMID: 34413857
Digvijay et al (2021) HSP70 chaperones RNA-free TDP-43 into anisotropic intranuclear liquid spherical shells. Science 371 PMID: 33335017
Thanaphum et al (2020) NOTCH2 participates in Jagged1-induced osteogenic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells. Sci Rep 10 13329 PMID: 32770090
Dean P et al (2020) Gut-Resident Lactobacilli Activate Hepatic Nrf2 and Protect Against Oxidative Liver Injury. Cell Metab 31 956-968.e5 PMID: 32213347
Allen et al (2020) Indirect regulation of HMGB1 release by gasdermin D. Nat Commun 11 4561 PMID: 32917873
Do you know of a great paper that uses DAPI from Tocris? Please let us know.
Reviews for DAPI
Average Rating: 4.5 (Based on 2 Reviews.)
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DAPI staining of PC3 cells to detect apoptosis.
By
Anonymous on 12/13/2018
Species: Human
DAPI staining of PC3 cells treated with DR5 monoclonal antibodies to detect apoptosis and observing it with Floid Fluorescence Microscopy System.
Excellent counter-stain....
By
Purnima Gupta on 01/10/2018
Assay Type: In Vivo
Species: Mouse
Cell Line/Tissue: Brain
Used as counter stain in IHC
Literature in this Area
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Fluorescent Dyes and Probes Research Product GuideUpdated
This product guide provides a background to the use of Fluorescent Dyes and Probes, as well as a comprehensive list of our:
- Fluorescent Dyes, including Janelia Fluor® Dyes
- Fluorescent Probes for Advanced Microscopy and Live Cell Imaging
- Fluorescent Probes to Support In Vivo, Deep Tissue, and Bioluminescence Imaging
- Fluorescent Probes and Reagents for Organoids and 3D Cell Culture Imaging
- Aptamer-based RNA Imaging Reagents
- Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Bacteria
- TSA VividTM Fluorophore Kits
- TSA Reagents for Enhancing IHC, ICC & FISH Signals
- Tissue Clearing Kits and Reagents