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Autophagy
More Information »Autophagy is a process by which a cell breaks down macromolecules in response to starvation or stress signals. While it is closely linked with apoptosis, autophagy is primarily characterized as a catabolic mechanism by which cellular energy homeostasis is maintained.
Autophagy Products
Inhibitors |
|
Cat.No. |
Product Name / Activity |
| 4846 |
Apicidin
|
| Histone deacetylase inhibitor; induces autophagy | |
| 1334 | Bafilomycin A1 |
| H+-ATPase (vacuolar) inhibitor; also inhibits autophagy | |
| 1544 | (±)-Bay K 8644 |
| L-type Ca2+ channel activator; inhibits autophagy | |
| 4109 | Chloroquine diphosphate |
| Inhibits apoptosis and autophagy | |
| 2656 | Concanamycin A |
| H+-ATPase (vacuolar) inhibitor | |
| 4417 | DBeQ |
| Selective p97 inhibitor; blocks autophagosome maturation | |
| 4545 | E 64d |
| Cathepsin inhibitor; interferes with autolysosomal digestion | |
| 1130 | LY 294002 hydrochloride |
| Selective PI 3-kinase inhibitor; inhibits autophagic sequestration | |
| 3977 | 3-Methyladenine |
| Class III PI 3-kinase inhibitor; also inhibits autophagy | |
| 1228 | Nocodazole |
| Microtubule inhibitor; inhibits autophagosome-lysosome fusion | |
| 1190 | Pepstatin A |
| Protease inhibitor; interferes with autolysosomal digestion | |
| 1097 | Taxol |
| Promotes assembly and inhibits disassembly of microtubules | |
| 1256 | Vinblastine sulfate |
| Disrupts microtubules; inhibits autophagosome maturation | |
| 1232 | Wortmannin |
| Potent, irreversible inhibitor of PI 3-kinase. Also inhibitor of PLK1 | |
| 4686 | Xanthohumol |
| Valosin-containing protein (VCP) inhibitor; impairs autophagosome maturation | |
Activators |
|
Cat.No. |
Product Name / Activity |
| 1234 | A23187, free acid |
| Causes ER stress; can be used to induce autophagy in mammalian cells | |
| 4095 | Amiodarone hydrochloride |
| Causes mitochondrial fragmentation and cell death; stimulates autophagy | |
| 1231 | Brefeldin A |
| Causes ER stress; induces autophagy in mammalian cells | |
| 4098 | Carbamazepine |
| Reduces inositol levels; induces autophagy | |
| 1126 | Dexamethasone |
| Anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid; also induces autophagy in ALL cell lines | |
| 3093 | Dorsomorphin dihydrochloride |
| Induces autophagy via an AMPK inhibition-independent mechanism | |
| 3993 | EB 1089 |
| Vitamin D receptor agonist; induces autophagy in MCF-7 cells | |
| 0741 | GF 109203X |
| Protein kinase C inhibitor | |
| 0681 | L-690,330 |
| Inositol monophosphatase inhibitor; induces autophagy independently of mTOR inhibition | |
| 1391 | NF 449 |
| Highly selective P2X1 antagonist; Gsα-selective antagonist | |
| 4079 | Niclosamide |
| STAT3 inhibitor; also inhibits mTORC1 signaling. Stimulates autophagy in vitro | |
| 0600 | Nimodipine |
| Ca2+ channel blocker (L-type) | |
| 0601 | Nitrendipine |
| Ca2+ channel blocker (L-type) | |
| 2930 | PI 103 hydrochloride |
| Inhibitor of PI 3-kinase, mTOR and DNA-PK | |
| 1267 | Pifithrin-α hydrobromide |
| p53 inhibitor | |
| 1292 | Rapamycin |
| mTOR inhibitor; induces autophagy | |
| 1610 | Rottlerin |
| Reported PKCδ inhibitor; stimulates autophagy | |
| 4297 | SMER 28 |
| Positive regulator of autophagy | |
| 2706 | Temozolomide |
| DNA-methylating antitumor agent; also induces autophagy | |
| 1138 | Thapsigargin |
| Causes ER stress; can be used to induce autophagy in mammalian cells | |
| 4247 | Torin 1 |
| Potent and selective mTOR inhibitor; induces autophagy in HeLa cells | |
| 3516 | Tunicamycin |
| Causes ER stress; can be used to induce autophagy | |
| 2815 | Valproic acid, sodium salt |
| Reduces inositol levels; induces autophagy | |
| 0654 | Verapamil hydrochloride |
| Ca2+ channel blocker (L-type) | |
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Potent, selective LRRK2 inhibitor
Tocris is the first to launch GSK2578215A, licensed from GlaxoSmithKline, for the study of Parkinson's Disease.