Proteasome
The proteasome complex is a broad spectrum protease present in all eukaryotes, which functions to carry out selective, efficient and progressive hydrolysis of intracellular target proteins. The proteasome plays a prominent role in the control of a diverse array of basic cellular processes by rapidly catalyzing numerous biological reactions.
More Information and Gene Data »Proteasome - More Information
The proteasome complex is composed of a 20S catalytic core and one or two terminal 19S regulatory units. The 20S catalytic domain is barrel-shaped and consists of seven structurally similar α- and β-subunits. In the inactive state, the external α-subunits act as a physical barrier to prevent peptide substrates accessing the active site on the β-subunits. The 19S regulatory units recognize proteins marked by polyubiquitin chains, remove the chain, entrap the protein moiety and open the 20S α-subunits allowing the β-subunits to degrade the protein. Assembly of the 20S domain is very complex and requires extrinsic (eg PAC1) and intrinsic (eg C-tail of β-subunits) chaperones. The assembly mechanism of the 19S domain is poorly understood, but Hsp90 is thought to play a role.
Regulation of the proteasome complex is mediated by proteasome interacting proteins (PIPs). There are two classes of PIPs; protein factors related to the ubiquitylation system such as the deubiquitylating enzyme, Usp14 and auxillary factors that regulate proteasome functions via direct binding, for example Ecm29.
Proteasome Gene Data
| Gene | Species | Gene Symbol | Gene Accession No. | Protein Accession No. |
|---|
| α1 | Human | PSMA1 | NM_002786 | P25786 |
| Mouse | Psma1 | NM_011965 | Q9R1P4 | |
| Rat | Psma1 | NM_017278 | P18420 | |
| α2 | Human | PSMA2 | NM_002787 | P25787 |
| Mouse | Psma2 | NM_008944 | P49722 | |
| Rat | Psma2 | NM_017279 | Q6P9V5 | |
| More proteasome genes » | ||||
Proteasome Products
Inhibitors |
|
Cat.No. |
Product Name / Activity |
| 2564 | AM 114 |
| 20S proteasome inhibitor | |
| 2637 | Gliotoxin |
| Inhibitor of 20S proteasome; immunosuppressant | |
| 2267 | Lactacystin |
| Cell-permeable, potent and selective proteasome inhibitor | |
| 1748 | MG 132 |
| Proteasome and calpain inhibitor. Inhibits NF-κB activation | |
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